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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the Earth’s climate, particularly a rise in global temperatures caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere. These gases are primarily produced by human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial processes. Climate change affects weather patterns, leading to more extreme weather events—such as hurricanes, droughts, and heavy rainfall—and influences global ecosystems, sea levels, and biodiversity. The phenomenon poses serious risks to human health, agriculture, water supplies, and infrastructure, making it a critical area of concern for global policy and environmental sustainability.
According to the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere (IPMA), the month of July this year was marked by above-normal temperatures, both in Portugal and across Europe. Climate…